• 3114 BC - According to the Lounsbury correlation, the Maya calendar starts.
• 1315 - Louis X of France marries Clemence d'Anjou.
• 1326 - Aradia de Toscano, according to legend/folklore, is initiated into a Dianic witchcraft cult, subsequently founds the tradition of Stregheria later known as the Malandanti.
• 1415 - Hundred Years' War: Henry V of England lands at Chef-en-Caux, France with 8000 men.
• 1516 - Treaty of Noyon between France and Spain signed. In it, Francis recognises Charles's claim to Naples, and Charles recognises Francis's claim to Milan.
• 1521 - Tenochtitlán (present day Mexico City) falls to conquistador Hernán Cortés.
• 1536 - Buddhist monks from Kyōto's Enryaku Temple set fire to 21 Nichiren temples throughout Kyoto in the Tenbun Hokke Disturbance. (Traditional Japanese date: July 27 1536).
• 1553 - Michael Servetus arrested by John Calvin in Geneva as a heretic.
• 1704 - War of the Spanish Succession: Battle of Blenheim - English and Austrians victorious over French and Bavarians.
• 1814 - The Convention of London, a treaty between the United Kingdom and the United Provinces, is signed in London.
• 1904 - Lightning strikes the belltower of the Kirtland Temple. A bucket brigade barely saves the historic structure.
• 1905 - Norway holds referendum in favour of dissolving the union with Sweden.
• 1913 - Otto Witte, an acrobat, is crowned King of Albania.
• 1913 - Invention of stainless steel by Harry Brearley.
• 1918 - Women enlist in the United States Marine Corps for the first time. Opha Mae Johnson is the first woman to enlist.
• 1918 - Bayerische Motoren Werke AG (BMW) established as a public company in Germany.
• 1920 - Polish-Soviet War: Battle of Warsaw begins, lasts till August 25. The Red Army is defeated.
• 1923 - First major sea-going ship arrives at Gdynia, newly constructed Polish seaport.
• 1937 - Battle of Shanghai begins.
• 1940 - World War II: Battle of Britain begins - The Luftwaffe launches a series of attacks on British fighter bases and radar installations.
• 1954 - Radio Pakistan broadcasts National Anthem of Pakistan for the first time.
• 1960 - The Central African Republic declares independence from France.
• 1961 - The German Democratic Republic closes the border between the eastern and western sectors of Berlin, to thwart its inhabitants' attempts to escape to the West.
• 1968 - Alexandros Panagoulis attempts to assassinate the Greek dictator Colonel G. Papadopoulos in Varkiza, Athens.
• 1975 - The Grateful Dead perform at The Great American Music Hall in San Francisco, producing one of the most celebrated concerts in their long history: broadcast on FM radio, repeatedly bootlegged, and then released commercially sixteen years later as One From the Vault, inaugurating an extensive series of vault recordings that continues to this day.
• 1979 - The roof of the uncompleted Rosemont Horizon near Chicago, Illinois collapses, killing 5 workers and injuring 16.
• 1991 Nintendo releases their Super Nintendo Entertainment System in North America.
• 1996 - Marc Dutroux, his wife Michelle Martin, and Michel Lelièvre are arrested on suspicion of kidnapping. All are found guilty on June 22, 2004, with sentences of life, 30, and 25 years, respectively.
• 2004 - Hurricane Charley, a Category 4 storm, strikes Punta Gorda, Florida and devastates the surrounding area.
• 2004 - Black Friday crackdown by NSS on a peaceful protest in the capital city of Maldives, Malé.
• 2004 - 156 Congolese Tutsi refugees massacred at the Gatumba refugee camp in Burundi.

Births